What is a CCTV Camera? Explore its Types and Benefits

A device used for video surveillance is known as a CCTV Camera (Closed Circuit Television) for safety and security purposes. This is one of the most recognized tools and has been used worldwide since 1942. Since then, its technology has continuously evolved to meet the growing need for surveillance and monitoring on domestic and commercial levels. 

Unlike broadcast television, CCTV signals are transmitted within a closed loop to ensure privacy and limited accessibility.

In this article, we will explore what is a CCTV camera, its history, types, benefits and much more. 

So let’s start by understanding the rich history behind these vital tools of monitoring technology.

1. Beginning of an Era

This surveillance device was discovered by a German engineer, Walter Bruch, in 1942. He was the first to design and deploy a CCTV camera system to monitor V-2 rocket launches. This technology helped scientists and engineers to safely observe the rocket launches from a distance without getting in danger. 

2. Evolution of CCTV Camera 

Soon, the CCTV camera made its way not only into the military but also into the civilian sector. Earlier, it was really difficult and time-consuming to monitor the activities constantly. The technology to record and store the footage was not discovered at that time. 

But in the 1970s, VCR (Video Cassette Recorder) technology was introduced to record and store in the form of videotapes. Later, DVR (Digital Video Recorder) was introduced and now cloud-based storage systems are available. 

These evolutions helped mankind a lot in controlling crimes and other suspected activities, and now this innovation has become an integral part of security for homes, businesses, schools, and public places. 

1. Basic Functionality 

A CCTV camera is a surveillance tool and its primary function is to capture and store video clips and transmit them to the designated monitor device. A television broadcast is available to anyone with access, on the other hand, a CCTV system is used only for authorized personnel. The latest technology includes real-time viewing, which means you can see live footage or you can record it for later use. 

2. Components of a CCTV Camera System 

The basic components of CCTV cameras are as follows.

• Cameras: These are the most important and core components of the video surveillance system. They capture and store the video clip and transmit it to the required device. 

• Monitors: These are the screens where the video clip can be viewed live or recorded. You can attach the system with multiple monitors within a specific place. 

• Power Supply: These security devices need uninterrupted power supply. Some systems need direct power, while some are battery or solar-powered cameras. 

• Cables and Routers: Cables are used to connect monitors and cameras with routers to view and store the footage with the help of WI-Fi. 

• Recording Devices: DVR or cloud storage is used to capture and record video and to enable playback when needed. 

• So now you know what is a CCTV Camera and what are its basic components. You must be curious about the different types. Let’s discover them below. 

Closed-circuit Television Cameras come in different shapes and sizes. You can choose one according to your specific requirements. The most common types available in the market are as mentioned below. 

1. Dome CCTV Cameras 

These cameras are typically mounted on the ceiling, allowing a wide range of surveillance. Their dome shape is ideal for cautious observation and makes it difficult to tell which direction the camera is pointing. 

These cameras can be used in retail stores, offices, hospitals, etc. They can be used both indoors and outdoors.

2. Bullet CCTV Cameras 

The most popular and useful outdoor surveillance cameras are Bullet CCTV cameras. They are cylindrical in shape with protective shields around the lens. It prevents it from dust and other critical weather conditions. 

They are mounted higher with the help of a bracket and are designed for long-range focus to restrain criminals from any activity. These cameras are usually used for parking lots and driveways. 

3. C-Mount CCTV Cameras 

These cameras come with detachable lenses. You can change them according to your need for surveillance. These are commonly used for long-distance coverage. The detachable lens makes it easy to zoom in and zoom out for a better view. 

C-Mount cameras are larger and visible to anyone. They are commonly used for shops, restaurants, hotels, etc. 

4. Day/Night CCTV Cameras 

These cameras have a special lens to capture the footage in a well-lit environment or a dark place with low or no light. Even with no light, these cameras can capture a clear (black and white) picture and clip with sensitive imaging chips. 

These cameras are ideal for outdoor security systems with high-range coverage. 

5. PTZ (Pan-Tilt-Zoom) Cameras 

PTZ cameras are among the most versatile CCTV options available in the market. They can pan horizontally, tilt vertically, and zoom in on specific objects or areas. These cameras are ideal for larger spaces for clear and thorough monitoring. 

These cameras are particularly useful in highly sensitive areas like casinos, airports, hospitals, and supermarkets to capture the movements of every individual. 

6. Thermal Imaging Cameras 

These are some of the best cameras for 24-hour surveillance providing security to the areas where a huge number of people gather all the time. They are generally used at airports, seaports, railway stations, etc. 

These cameras have small LED sensors to monitor and record every movement clearly, no matter what time of the day it is. Thermal Imaging cameras are used for long-distance surveillance. 

7. ANPR/LPR Cameras 

ANPR stands for Automatic Number Plate Recognition, while LPR means License Plate Cameras. These cameras are used for traffic surveillance and security in car parking lots. 

These cameras can read number plates through a long distance and capture footage of a moving car despite its speed. 

We have discussed different types of CCTV cameras and where to use them. Now let’s talk about some major benefits of using these security camera.

In today’s world, CCTV cameras have become an essential device to protect your property, and for other security concerns. Not just large businesses or huge spaces, people now prefer to install these surveillance cameras inside and outside of their houses, offices, or any other personal space to ensure security. 

Some of the major benefits are discussed below. 

1. Monitoring Activities 

CCTV cameras allow for continuous monitoring of both public and private spaces. In restaurants, offices, or other businesses, employers can keep an eye on all activities within the premises. For homes, security cameras are installed to keep an eye on all types of movement around the premises. 

2. Crime Prevention 

One of the core reasons why people install CCTV cameras is to prevent crimes. The mere presence of a camera can discourage criminals from committing unethical activities. The areas where visible monitoring cameras are installed are less likely to experience crimes and ensure the safety of public properties. 

3. Remote Viewing 

The latest technology in CCTV cameras is the capability of remote viewing. If the monitoring was not possible at that specific time when the incident happened, the video will be stored in your security system for later use. You can also view activities on your smartphone when away from home.

4. Enhances Employee Performance 

In offices and other businesses, CCTV cameras are used not only to prevent crimes but also to monitor staff activities. The surveillance cameras will ensure decent behaviour of employees and they will perform their duties more efficiently.

5. Evidence Collection 

One of the most significant benefits of CCTV cameras is their ability to record the video to collect evidence. In case of any accident or illegal activity, CCTV can provide proof for legal affairs. You can identify the suspect with high-quality images and video clips and serve it as a piece of evidence in court. 

6. CCTV with Alarm system 

CCTV in conjunction with an alarm system is very useful for remote surveillance. When any movement happens around the range security system, you will get a notification on your mobile phone so you can check if it is a false alarm or a serious one. 

7. Peace of Mind 

With the help of these advanced technologies of monitoring and surveillance, life has become more peaceful. Now you can monitor what’s happening around you to avoid any unfavourable incident and feel safe. Your peace of mind is very important and you can get it by installing one of these security systems. 

8. Saves Time and Money

These cameras save you time by recording the footage so you do not have to monitor the cameras all the time. Another advantage is that these cameras are not so expensive, and there is no need to hire a security guard for your house. 

In light of all these benefits, the next thing you need to know is what key features to look for in a CCTV camera before installing one. So let’s discuss it briefly in the following paragraph. 

1. Resolution 

Higher-resolution cameras provide clearer and more detailed footage. A good CCTV camera should offer at least 1080p resolution for effective monitoring. 

2. Night Vision Capabilities 

Night vision allows cameras to capture footage in low-light or no-light conditions. This feature is especially important for outdoor security checks or 24-hour monitoring. 

3. Motion Detection 

Many modern security cameras come with motion detection features, which can trigger recordings or alerts when movement is detected in a specific area. 

4. Storage Options 

CCTV footage can be stored locally on a DVR, or remotely in the cloud. Cloud storage offers more flexibility but can come with additional subscription fees. 

5. Camera Placement  

Before installing a surveillance system, consider factors such as where to place the camera, and what would be the right angle for the best view. Ensure that after installing the camera, it should cover all critical areas without violating the privacy of others. 

1. Privacy Concerns

While CCTV cameras are important for security, it’s crucial to respect privacy laws. In most places, it’s illegal to install cameras in areas where people expect privacy, like washrooms or bedrooms. 

2. Guidelines for Ethical Use 

Always inform employees, tenants, and guests if security cameras are in operation. For public places, signage should be used to indicate the presence of surveillance cameras. 

We hope that this article helped you to understand what is a CCTV camera. These cameras have become an essential part of modern security infrastructure. Whether it is about the security of your home, businesses, or public places, these cameras provide lots of benefits, including crime prevention, real-time monitoring, and evidence collection. As technology continues to advance, the future of CCTV cameras promises to be even more sophisticated with the help of AI and other integrations. 

Also, Read about: what is security light?